Investigation of the SA evolution by using the CHAOS-4 model over 1997–2013     

JiaMing Ou  AiMin Du  WenYao Xu 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2016,59(5):1041-1050

The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the geomagnetic secular acceleration(SA) are investigated, based on CHAOS-4 core field model during the period of 1997–2013. The SA evolution on a short time scale is associated with the phenomenon of the geomagnetic jerk. More details of the global extent and the occurrence time of the successive jerks(the 1999, 2003, 2007, and 2011 jerks) are obtained. The location, size and reversed polarity pattern for the 1999 jerk are similar to those for the 2003 jerk in the Asian-Indian sector. While the 2007 and 2011 jerks mainly take place in the Atlantic sector. The direction and speed of the shift for the four jerks are different, identified by the occurrence time of the jerks. The zonal motions of the SA patches exhibit an oscillation pattern in the Asian-Indian sector, whereas a purely westward drifting pattern is along the equator in the Atlantic sector. It is believed that the shift of the jerks is related to the motion of SA-B_r patches observed at the core-mantle boundary(CMB).  相似文献   

Relationship between the variation of water quality in rivers and the characteristics of watershed at Miyun,Beijing, China     

Xiaoyan Wang  Yang Ou  Peiqian Dou  Xiaoduo Fang 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(1):112-118

Based on the characteristics of land use and drainage network of the upper watershed of the Miyun Res-ervoir, Beijing, 26 monitoring and sampling sites were selected in different sub-catchments. Temporal and spatial variations in nutrient loss were dealt with in this paper in terms of the monitoring data on the water quality of the main tributaries flowing into the Miyun Reservoir. In combination with the monitoring data on water quality, the impacts of watershed characteristics including land-use type, landscape pattern, and drainage density were assessed, The concentrations of nutrients in the rainy season are higher than those in other seasons, and the concentrations of NO3--N are linearly related to those of total N which is the main form of nitrogen present in the fiver water. The concentrations of nitrogen become higher toward the reservoir along the main rivers. The seasonal variation of ni-trogen in the watershed affected by intensive human activities is very obvious; in the watershed with steady or low water flow, the seasonal variation of nitrogen is less obvious. Forest land and grassland can trap and filter nitrogen effectively. Land-use pattern also has important impacts on the loss of nitrogen. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water bodies show great temporal and spatial variations. On a temporal scale, the concentrations of TN and TP in the rainy reason are higher than those in other seasons. On a spatial scale, the concentrations of TN and NO3--N in the Qingshui River and Chaohe River are highest all the time. The spatial variation of TP is distinct, being obvious at sampling sites near villages. The form of nitrogen and phosphorus loss varies in different hydrological seasons. Dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus are the main forms in streams in non-rainy seasons, the dissolved nitro-gen and total nitrogen decrease in percentage in the rainy season. Particulate nitrogen and phosphorus are the main forms in some rivers. The concentrations of TN and NO3--N from orchards and villages are high whereas those from forest land are lowest. Land-use pattern has impacts on TN and NO3--N losses, at the sampling sites near the source landscape, the concentrations are higher than those at the sampling sites near the sink landscape. Water quality of the rivers which flow into the Miyuan Reservior is influenced by the composition of adjacent soils.  相似文献   

沿淮地区秋季连阴雨综合指数构建及其变化特征     

朱公群  韩帮军  段春锋  等. 《气象与环境科学》2022,45(1):96-102

基于安徽省沿淮地区10个国家气象站1960-2019年观测资料、灾情资料和7种地方连阴雨监测指标,在评估7种地方指标适用性的基础上,采用加权综合指数法和线性趋势法,构建了沿淮地区秋季连阴雨综合指数,分析了时空变化特征。结果表明:江苏指标对沿淮地区连阴雨监测的适用性最好,连阴雨综合指数由连阴雨总日数、连阴雨总降水量线性组成,权重分别为0.8和0.2。按照综合指数,将连阴雨强度分成重度、中度、轻度3级,分级结果与灾情实况较吻合,重度连阴雨和中度连阴雨TS评分分别为100%、88.9%。秋季连阴雨在20世纪70年代到80年代前期及近10年发生频率高、强度大,尤其是2016年和2017年的连阴雨,强度居历史前2位。沿淮地区连阴雨年数东部和西部的多于中部的,重度连阴雨阜南的最多,五河的最少。  相似文献   

Determination of groundwater recharge regime and flowpath in the Lower Heihe River basin in an arid area of Northwest China by using environmental tracers: Implications for vegetation degradation in the Ejina Oasis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Dajun Qin  Zhanfeng Zhao  Liangfeng Han  Yunping Qian  Lu Ou  Zhongqiang Wu  Mingchuan Wang 《Applied Geochemistry》2012

Environmental tracers (CFCs, stable isotopes ¹⁸O, ²H, and ³H) and major ions were employed to study river infiltration and groundwater recharge in the aquifer system in the basin of the Lower Heihe River, Northwest China. Three groups of waters have been recognized: (1) young groundwater, connected to the river, with large variation of CFC apparent ages ranging from <10 a to 40 a, and δ¹⁸O and δ²H values which are similar to the river water; (2) regional background water, unaffected by the river, having CFC apparent ages >40 a, and being depleted in ¹⁸O and ²H compared with the river water; and (3) groundwater in Gurinai, a grassland located about 100 km from the river, in which the predominant discharge is from the Badain Jaran desert, with CFC apparent ages ranging from 25 to >50 a and being enriched in ¹⁸O and ²H compared to the river water. The groundwater along the river contains CFCs and ³H down to depths of about 120 m, and the shallow groundwater exhibits CFC apparent ages in a wide range which are not dependent on the well depth. Groundwaters along the river show a similar trend of enrichment in ¹⁸O and ²H as the river water whereas groundwaters in depression cones are depleted in heavier isotopes, and have low CFC and ³H concentrations. The CFC apparent age of the groundwater increases with increasing distance downstream, indicating that the dominant part of the groundwater is from infiltration of river water in the upper reaches. Modifications of groundwater recharge are reflected in variations of stable isotope compositions, as well as CFC and ³H concentrations in the groundwater that was recharged from the river over the last decades. Despite recharging from river water, groundwater abstraction has induced a water balance deficit. The riparian ecosystem in the Ejina Oasis is constrained by both decreased river flow and increased groundwater abstraction. The vegetation degradation in the Ejina Oasis is controlled not only by natural aridification but also worsened by heavy groundwater abstraction and decreased river flow.  相似文献   

区域气候变化脆弱性综合评估研究进展   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

喻鸥  阎建忠  张镱锂 《地理科学进展》2011,30(1):27-34

区域脆弱性评估为脆弱性地区农户摆脱贫困、区域持续发展和政府制定适应策略提供科学依据.由于区域内部人地系统的复杂性,区域的脆弱性定量评估较为困难.中国脆弱性研究起步较晚,关注较早的是脆弱性区域的分布,但对区域内脆弱人群的脆弱性研究较少,认识上的不足影响了国家和地方政府制定科学的适应政策和措施.本文介绍了对脆弱性的认识,梳...  相似文献   

基于MAPGIS数字高程模型背景校正法的应用—以湖南省铜山岭-祥霖铺地区为例     

欧智德 《地质与勘探》2013,49(4):703-712

本文运用Mapgis数字高程模型背景校正法对湖南省铜山岭-祥霖铺地区1∶20万水系沉积物数据进行了地球化学异常信息的提取。借助Mapgis高程库管理系统中的像元邻域统计功能,模拟出研究区内W和Sn元素的背景变化趋势,在此基础上对元素含量做背景校正,并利用残差(矿化叠加值)圈定异常。在背景模拟过程中,通过窗口大小对比试验发现,窗口越大,高背景区异常面积越大,而低背景区异常面积越小。因此,应用该法时,需要通过试验以便选出合理大小的窗口。经过背景校正后,区内W、Sn高背景场引起的非矿化异常得以抑制,传统方法圈定的大面积异常被分解成多个强异常,其空间分布规律性较好,并具有三级浓度分带特征。在低背景区发现了一系列新异常,如W’-7、8、9、13、14、15、21、22、30和Sn’-1、7、11、13、21。校正后的部分异常与已知矿点和成矿岩体或岩脉具有较好的对应关系。  相似文献   

Effect of Blast-Induced Vibration from New Railway Tunnel on Existing Adjacent Railway Tunnel in Xinjiang, China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Qingguo Liang  Jie Li  Dewu Li  Erfeng Ou 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(1):19-39

The vibrations of existing service tunnels induced by blast-excavation of adjacent tunnels have attracted much attention from both academics and engineers during recent decades in China. The blasting vibration velocity (BVV) is the most widely used controlling index for in situ monitoring and safety assessment of existing lining structures. Although numerous in situ tests and simulations had been carried out to investigate blast-induced vibrations of existing tunnels due to excavation of new tunnels (mostly by bench excavation method), research on the overall dynamical response of existing service tunnels in terms of not only BVV but also stress/strain seemed limited for new tunnels excavated by the full-section blasting method. In this paper, the impacts of blast-induced vibrations from a new tunnel on an existing railway tunnel in Xinjiang, China were comprehensively investigated by using laboratory tests, in situ monitoring and numerical simulations. The measured data from laboratory tests and in situ monitoring were used to determine the parameters needed for numerical simulations, and were compared with the calculated results. Based on the results from in situ monitoring and numerical simulations, which were consistent with each other, the original blasting design and corresponding parameters were adjusted to reduce the maximum BVV, which proved to be effective and safe. The effect of both the static stress before blasting vibrations and the dynamic stress induced by blasting on the total stresses in the existing tunnel lining is also discussed. The methods and related results presented could be applied in projects with similar ground and distance between old and new tunnels if the new tunnel is to be excavated by the full-section blasting method.  相似文献   

天水第三系泥岩地球化学特性研究——以梁家山隧道开挖岩样为例     

欧尔峰  梁庆国  鲁得文  孙文 《地球科学进展》2013,28(3):398-406

天水地区第三系地层属于西秦岭甘肃群,梁家山隧道洞身穿越天水盆地第三系泥岩,为确定隧道围岩的地质特性,进行了泥岩样品的地球化学成分与矿物成分测试。将梁家山隧道泥岩的测试结果与天水秦安县下山剖面泥岩的结果进行对比分析和相关分析。结果表明:二者之间存在较好的相关性,能够描述梁家山隧道泥岩的地层岩性、区域地质背景及其演化等工程地质特性,为进一步研究天水盆地的物质组成、风化特征、沉积环境和构造背景提供依据。同时也为利用隧道工程修建研究相关地学问题提供范例和基础数据。  相似文献   

Control strategies and experimental verifications of the electromagnetic mass damper system for structural vibration control     

张春巍  欧进萍 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2008,7(2):181-192

The electromagnetic mass damper （EMD） control system, as an innovative active control system to reduce structural vibration, offers many advantages over traditional active mass driver/damper （AMD） control systems. In this paper, studies of several EMD control strategies and bench-scale shaking table tests of a two-story model structure are described. First, two structural models corresponding to uncontrolled and Zeroed cases are developed, and parameters of these models are validated through sinusoidal sweep tests to provide a basis for establishing an accurate mathematical model for further studies. Then, a simplified control strategy for the EMD system based on the pole assignment control algorithm is proposed. Moreover, ideal pole locations are derived and validated through a series of shaking table tests. Finally, three benchmark earthquake ground motions and sinusoidal sweep waves are imposed onto the structure to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of using this type of innovative active control system for structural vibration control. In addition, the robustness of the EMD system is examined. The test results show that the EMD system is an effective and robust system for the control of structural vibrations.  相似文献   

Design approaches for active, semi-active and passive control systems based on analysis of characteristics of active control force   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jinping Ou  Hui Li 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2009,8(4):493-506

In this paper,the characteristics of forces in active control systems connected to adjacent levels of a building are analyzed.The following characteristics are observed:(1) active control can provide signifi cantly superior supplemental damping to a building,but causes a small frequency shift;(2) the linear quadratic regulator(LQR)-based control force is composed of an elastic restoring force component and a damping force component,where the damping force is almost identical to the total control force,howev...  相似文献